Preface to the Seventh Edition vii
Preface to the First Edition (excerpts) viii
Section 1 UPPER LIMB
Introduction
Parts of the Upper Umb 3
Evolution of Upper Limbs 4
Study of Anatomy 5
Frequently Asked Questions 5
2. Bonos of Upper Umb 6
Clavicle 6
Clinical Anatomy 8
Scapula 9
Clinical Anatomy 12
Humerus 12
Clinical Anatomy 17
Radius 18
Clinical Anatomy 21
Ulna 21
Clinical Anatomy 23
Importance of Capsular Attachments and Epiphyseal Lines 25
Carpal Bones 24
Clinical Anatomy 28
Metacarpal Bones 28
Clinical Anatomy 31
Phalanges 31
Clinical Anatomy 32
Sesamoid Bones of the Upper Umb 32
Mnemonlei 32
Facts to Remember 33
Clinicoanatomy Problem 33
Frequently Asked Questions 33
Multiple Choice Questions 33
Pectoral Region
Surface Landmarks 34
Dissection 35
Superficial Fascia 35
Breast/Mammary Gland 36
Lymphatic Drainage 38
Clinical Anatom 41
Deep Pectoral Fascia 43
Muscles of the Pectoral Region 43
Dissection 43
Serratus Anterior 45
Mnemonics 46
Facts to Remember 47
Clinlcoanatomical Problem 47
Frequently Asked Questions 47
Multiple Choice Questions 47
Axilla
Introduction 48
Dissection 48
Contents of Axilla 49
Axillary Artery 50
Relations of Axillary Artery 51
Axillary Lymph Nodes 55
Clinical Anatomy 55
Brachial Plexus 56
Dissection 56
Clinical Anatomy 59
Mnemonics 60
Facts to Remember 60
Cilnleoenatomleol Problem 60
Frequently Asked Questions 61
Multiple Choice Questions 61
Back
Surface Landmarks 62
Skin and Fasciae of the Back 63
Dissection 63
Muscles Connecting the Upper Umb with the Vertebral Column 64
Dissection 64
Trapezius 64
Latissimus Dorsi 67
Dissection 67
Facts to Remember 67
Clinicoanatomical Problem 68
Frequently Asked Questions 68
Multiple Choice Questions 68
Scapular Region
Surface Landmarks 69
Muscles of the Scapular Region 69
Dissection 69
Deltoid 70
Clinical Anatomy 72
Rotator Cuff 73
Intermuscular Spaces 74
Dissection 74
Axillary or Circumflex Nerve 75
Anastomoses around Scapula 76
Clinical Anatomy 76
Mnemonics 76
Facts to Remember 76
Clinicoanatomical Problem 77
Frequently Asked Questions 77
Multiple Choice Questions 77
Cutaneous Nerves, Superficial Veins and Lymphatic Drainage Cutaneous Nerves 78
Dissection 78
Dermatomes 81
Clinical Anatomy 82
Superficial Veins 82
Clinical Anatomy 84
Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Drainage 85
Clinical Anatomy 86
Facts to Remember 86
Clinicoanatomical Problems 87
Frequently Asked Questions 87
Multiple Choice Questions 88
Arm
Surface Landmarks 89
Anterior Compartment 90
Dissection 90
Muscles 90
Musculocutaneous Nerve 92
Clinical Anatomy 94
Brachial Artery 94
Dissection 94
Clinical Anatomy 95
Large Nerves 96
Cubital Fossa 97
Dissection 97
Clinical Anatomy 99
Posterior Compartment 99
Dissection 99
Triceps Brachli Muscle 99
Clinical Anatomy 100
Radial Nerve or Musculospiral Nerve 101
Clinical Anatomy 101
Profunda Brachii Artery 102
Mnemonics 103
Facts to Remember 103
Clinicoanatomical Problem 103
Frequently Asked Questions 104
Multiple Choice Questions 104
Forearm and Hand
Muscles of Front of Forearm Dissection 106
Superficial Muscles 107
Deep Muscles 109
Arteries of Front of Forearm Dissection 111
Radial Artery 111
Ulnar Artery 112
Nerves of Front of Forearm Dissection 113
Median Nerve 113
Ulnar Nerve 114
Radial Nerve 115
Palmar Aspect of Wrist and Hand 115
Dissection 115
Flexor Retinaculum 116
Clinical Anatomy 117
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand 117
Dissection 117
Testing of Some Intrinsic Muscles 119
Arteries of Hand 122
Dissection 122
Ulnar Artery 122
Clinical Anatomy 125
Radial Artery 125
Nerves of Hand 127
Ulnar Nerve 127
Clinical Anatomy 128
Median Nerve 128
Clinical Anatomy 129
Radial Nerve 130
Spaces of the Hand 131
Clinical Anatomy 133
Back of Forearm and Hand 134
Dorsum of Hand and Superficial Muscles 134
Dissection 134
Extensor Retinaculum 135
Anatomical Snuff Box 136
Superficial Muscles 136
Deep Muscles 137
Dissection 137
Posterior Interosseous Nerve 139
Dissection 139
Posterior Interosseous Artery 140
Mnemonics 141
Facts to Remember 147
Clinicoanatomical Problems 147
Frequently Asked Questions 142
Multiple Choice Questions 142
Joints of Upper Limb
Shoulder Girdle 143
Sternoclavicular Joint 143
Dissection 143
Acromioclavicular Joint 144
Dissection 144
Movements of Shoulder Girdle 144
Shoulder Joint 146
Dissection 146
Movements of Shoulder Joint 148
Clinical Anatomy 150
Dancing Shoulder 150
Elbow Joint 157
Dissection 157
Carrying Angle 153
Clinical Anatomy 154
Radioulnar Joints 155
Dissection 155
Supination and Pronation 157
Clinical Anatomy 158
Wrist (Radiocarpal) Joint 158
Dissection 158
Clinical Anatomy 160
Joints of Hand 161
Dissection 161
Intercarpal. Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints 161
Clinical Anatomy 163
Facts to Remember 164
Clinicoanatomical Problem 165
Frequently Asked Questions 165
Multiple Choice Questions 165
Surface Marking, Radiological Anatomy and Comparison of Upper and Lower Limbs
Surface Marking 167
Arteries 167
Nerves 169
Joints 171
Retinacula 171
Synovial Sheaths of the Flexor Tendons 172
Radiological Anatomy of Upper Umb 172
Comparison of Upper and Lower Limbs 175
Frequently Asked Questions 177
Appendix 1
Musculocutaneous Nerve 178
Axillary or Circumflex Nerve 178
Radial Nerve 179
Median Nerve 180
Ulnar Nerve 181
Clinical Anatomy 183
Arteries of Upper Umb 184
Clinical Terms 187
Frequently Asked Questions 188
Multiple Choice Questions 188
Further Reading 190
Spots on Upper Umb 191
Answers 192
Introduction
Section 2 THORAX
Surface Landmarks of Thorax 195
Skeleton of Thorax 197
Formation 197
Clinical Anatomy 197
Shape 197
Clinical Anatomy 198
Superior Aperture/Inlet of Thorax 198
Clinical Anatomy 200
Inferior Aperture/Outlet of Thorax 201
Facts to Remember 201
Clinicoanatomicai Problem 202
Frequently Asked Questions 203
Multiple Choice Questions 203
looef end Joint of Thorax Bones of Thorax 204
Ribs 204
Costal Cartilages 208
Clinical Anatomy 209
Sternum 209
Clinical Anatomy 211
Vertebral Column 212
Clinical Anatomy 216
Joint of Thorax 216
Respiratory Movements 219
Clinical Anatomy 221
Mnemonics 221
Facts to Remember 221
Clinicoanatomical Problem 222
Frequently Asked Questions 223
Multiple Choice Questions 223
Thoracic Wall Proper 224
Dissection 224
Intercostal Muscles 225
Intercostal Nerves 226
Clinical Anatomy 228
Intercostal Arteries 228
Intercostal Veins 230
Internal Thoracic Artery 231
Azygos Vein 232
Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk 233
Clinical Anatomy 236
Facts to Remember 236
Clinicoanatomical Problem 236
Frequently Asked Questions 236
Multiple Choice Questions 237
Thoracic Cavity end Pleurae
Introduction 238
Thoracic Cavity 238
Dissection 238
Pleura 239
Neve Supply of the Pleura 243
Clinical Anatomy 243
Facts to Remember 244
Clinicoanatomical Problem 244
Frequently Asked Questions 245
Multiple Choice Questions 245
Introduction 246
Lungs 246
Dissection 246
Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs 247
Root of the Lung 248
Bronchial Tree 251
Dissection 251
Clinical Anatomy 255
Facts to Remember 257
Clinicoanatomical Problem 257
Frequently Asked Questions 257
Multiple Choice Questions 257
Introduction 259
Dissection 259
Superior Mediastinum 259
Inferior Mediastinum 260
Anterior Mediastinum 260
Middle Mediastinum 260
Posterior Mediastinum 260
Clinical Anatomy 261
Mnemonics 262
Facts to remember 262
Clinicoanatomical Problem 262
Frequently Asked Questions 262
Multiple Choice Questions 262
Pericarcfum and Heart 263
Pericardium 263
Dissection 263
Clinical Anatomy 265
Heart 266
External Features 266
Clinical Anatomy 267
Right Atrium 267
Dissection 267
Right Ventricle 270
Dissection 270
Left Atrium 271
Dissection 271
Left Ventricle 272
Dissection 272
Clinical Anatomy 274
Structure of Heart 274
Clinical Anatomy 275
Musculature of the Heart 276
Conducting System 276
Clinical Anatomy 277
Right Coronary Artery 278
Dissection 278
Left Coronary Artery 279
Dissection 279
Clinical Anatomy 280
Veins of the Heart 280
Nerve Supply of Heart 282
Clinical Anatomy 282
Developmental Components 283
Foetal Circulation 283
Mnemonics 286
Facts to Remember 286
Clinicoanatomical Problem 286
Freauently Asked Questions 287
Multiple Choice Questions 287
Superior Vena Cava Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk 288
Large Blood Vessels 288
Dissection 288
Superior Vena Cava 288
Clinical Anatomy 289
Ascending Aorta 290
Clinical Anatomy 291
Arch of the Aorta 291
Descending Thoracic Aorta 292
Pulmonary Trunk 294
Facts to Remember 294
Clinicoanatomical Problem 295
Frequently Asked Questions 295
Trachea Oesophagus and 296
Thoracic Duct Trachea 296
Histology Trachea 297
Clinical Anatomy 298
Oesophagus 298
Dissection 298
Histology of Oesophagus 300
Clinical Anatomy 300
Thoracic Duct 302
Facts to Remember 303
Clinicoanatomical Problem 303
Frequently Asked Questions 304
Multiple Choice Questions 304
Surface Marking and Radiological Anatomy of Thorax 305
Surface Marking 305
Parietal Pleura 305
Visceral Pleura Lung 306
Borders of the Heart 307
Arteries 308
Veins 309
Trachea 310
Right Bronchus 310
Left Bronchus 310
Oesophagus 310
Thoracic Duct 310
Radiological Anatomy 310
Numerical 311
Appendix 312
Autonomic Nervous System 312
Sympathetic Nervous System 312
Thoracic Part of Sympathetic Trunk 313
Nerve Supply of Heart 314
Nerve Supply of Lungs 314
Arteries of Thorax 315
Typical Intercostal Nerve 316
Atypical Intercostal Nerves 317
Clinical Terms 317
Frequently Asked Questions 318
Multiple Choice Questions 319
Further Reading 320
SpofeorTiltftsng 321
Answers 322
Index 323